Difference between 'Responsibility and Duty' by Brahmasri Chaganti Koteswara Rao garu

Every one has come across the terms duty and responsibility. Duty is a moral commitment to something or someone, whereas responsibility is a condition of being responsible.

According to Cicero, duties come from four sources. Duty is a result of human beings, one’s particular place, one’s character and one’s own moral expectations. His philosophy of duty has been depicted in his famous work ‘On duty’.

As duty refers to moral commitment, it denotes an active feeling for doing something. Once a person engages himself with some duty or if he has been entrusted with a duty, then that person fully commits himself to it. In the case of duty, the person will be involved in activity without any self-interest. As a citizen of a country, a person has many duties to perform. It is his duty to adhere to the constitution.

Responsibility can be termed as an ability to act at one’s own will, without any supervision. It is the obligation to successfully complete an assigned task. In responsibility, a person takes upon the duty to compete the task and to make the task a success.

In responsibility, a person is solely responsible for the entire task and its outcome. In case of responsibility, he takes the ownership of the entire task. Responsibility can also be explained as a set of instructions in life that one has to follow. It is the responsibility of the parents to give good education to their children.

Duty is a word that has been derived from Old French Deu meaning ‘which is owing’.

Summary:

1. Duty is a moral commitment to something or someone, whereas responsibility is a condition of being responsible.
2. As duty refers to moral commitment, it denotes an active feeling for doing something.
3. In case of duty, the person will be involved in activity without any self-interest.
4. Responsibility can be termed as an ability to act at one’s own will, without any supervision. It is the obligation to successfully complete an assigned task.
5. In responsibility, a person is solely responsible for the entire task and its outcome. It is the responsibility of the parents to give good education to their children.
6. Once a person engages himself with some duty or if he has been entrusted with a duty, then that person fully commits himself to it.

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Hinduism is the world's third most popular religion, with around 750 million followers. The religion of Hinduism originated in Northern India, near the river Indus, about 4000 years ago and is the world's oldest existing religion.

Hinduism is practised by more than 84% of India's population.

What is Karma?

Hindus believe that the soul passes through a cycle of successive lives and its next incarnation is always dependent on how the previous life was lived. (Similar to Buddhist beliefs) Karma is the cause of our particular destiny. Misfortunes in our present life are the result of acts that we have committed in the past. In the same way, our actions in our present lives will determine our fate in the lives that follow. Hindus therefore aim to live in a way that will cause each of their lives to be better than the life before.

What is Moksha?

The spiritual goal of a Hindu is to become one with Brahma. This freedom is referred to as moksha. Until moksha is achieved, a Hindu believes that he/she will be repeatedly reincarnated in order that he/she may work towards self-realization of the truth (the truth being that only Brahman exists, nothing else).


What is the Hindu way of life?

For many Hindus there are four goals in human life (purusharthas);

1 Moksha - the release of the soul (Atman) from the cycle of rebirth.
The individual soul (Atman) unites with Brahman the universal soul. There are different ways to Moksha.
spiritual - involves acquiring spiritual knowledge through yoga and meditation. devotion to god
working selflessly for the good of society.
How a person is reincarnated is determined by karma.

2 Dharma - the code for leading one's life.
Respect for elders is considered important and many consider marriage as a son's religious duty.

3 Artha - the pursuit of material gain by lawful means.

4 Karma- through pure acts, knowledge and devotion, you can reincarnate to a higher level. The opposite achieves the contrary result.


How do Hindus achieve Moksha?

There are four different paths to achieve Moksha which a Hindu can take.

The Hindu can choose one or all four of the paths they are:

1 The path of knowledge - Jnana-Yoga

Spiritual knowledge -leading to the knowledge of the relationship between the soul (atman) and God (Brahman)

2 The path of meditation - Dhyana-yoga

The idea is to concentrate so you can reach the real self within you and become one with Brahman

3 The Path of Devotion - Bhakti-yoga

Choosing a particular god or goddess and worshipping them throughout your life in actions, words and deeds.

4 The path of good works - Karma-yoga

This involves doing all your duties correctly throughout your life.

Sri Lalitha Sahasranama Sthotram full in Lalitha Devi Image

Lalita Sahasranama is a text from Brahmanda Purana. It is a sacred text to the Hindu worshippers of the Goddess Lalita Devi, i.e. the Divine Mother or Goddess Durga, in the form, Shakti. Lalitha is the Goddess of bliss, an epithet for Shiva's wife Goddess Parvati. Etymologically, "Lalitha" means "She Who Plays". In the root form, the word "Lalitha" means "spontaneous" from which the meaning "easy" is derived and implicitly extends to "play".
Lalita Sahasranamam contains the thousand names of the Hindu mother goddess Lalita. The names are organized in a hymns (stotras). It is the only sahasranama that does not repeat a single name. Further, in order to maintain the meter, sahasranamass use the artifice of adding words like tu, api, ca, and hi, which are conjunctions that do not necessarily add to the meaning of the name except in cases of interpretation. The Lalita sahasranama does not use any such auxiliary conjunctions and is unique in being an enumeration of holy names that meets the metrical, poetical and mystic requirements of a sahasranama by their order throughout the text.
Lalita Sahasranama begins by calling the goddess Shri Mata (Revered Mother), Shri Maharajni (Revered Empress) and Shrimat Simhasaneshwari (The goddess in the most revered throne). In verses 2 and 3 of the Sahasranama she is described as a Udayatbhanu Sahasrabha (the one who is as bright as the rays of thousand rising suns), Chaturbahu Samanvita (the one who has four hands) and Ragasvarupa Pashadhya (the one who is the embodiment of love and the who is holding the rope). Chidagnikunda Sambhuta and Devakarya samudyata are among other names mentioned in the sahasranama.
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1,000-year-old Hindu temple found in Bangladesh

1000-year-old Hindu temple excavated in Dinajpur
A group of archaeologists has recently unearthed a rare Vishnu temple with a unique ‘nava-ratha’ architecture at Madhabgaon village in Kaharol upazila of the northern district of Dinajpur.
Archaeologists from Jahangirnagar University’s department of archaeology in Savar, Dhaka, including its director Prof. Swadhin Sen, Prof. Syed Mohammed Kamrul Ahsan, Prof. Seema Hoque and Sabekunnaher Sithi started an excavation at the site in April this year. They received financial assistance from the cultural affairs ministry and the Higher Education Quality Enhancement Project (HEQEP) of the University Grants Commission (UGC). They also received the support of the department of archaeology.
The 52-member excavation team included four teachers, 13 students and 13 experienced workers from Mahasthan.
They found a seven-metre-high brick-built structure and a 144-sq-metre solidly built platform, with a 4.48-metre square cell at the centre. The cell represents the ‘garbhagriha’ (sanctum) where the idol was worshipped. The external surface of the platform has ‘ratha’ or vertical offset projections at the west, north and south. There are nine ‘rathas’. That is why the temple is known as a ‘nava-ratha’ temple, according to ‘Early Temple Architecture’.
“The temple is about 1,000 years old. It was constructed in the 10th to 11th centuries. No temple of the ‘nava-ratha’ type has been discovered in Bangladesh till now,” said Prof. Swadhin Sen.
He also said radiocarbon
dating of the collected samples would shed light on the precise
date of the temple.
“The superstructure of the sanctum is characterised by a ‘shikhara’ or ‘rekha deul’ (curvilinear tower). Among the very few existing brick-built standing temples with ‘shikhara’ in undivided Bengal, the Siddheshwar Temple at Bahulara of Bankura in West Bengal has the closest resemblance,” said Prof. Dipak Ranjan Das, a former professor of the University of Calcutta and an expert on early eastern Indian temple architecture.
The same team had discovered a Hindu temple with ‘pancha-ratha’ variety in Nawabganj upazila of Dinajpur in 2007. The four-pillared ‘mandapa’ was possibly capped with a ‘shikhara’ and is known as a ‘pida deul’ (tiered roof) variety.
The team found more artefacts, including a decorated stone image, a good number of broken fragments of stone sculptures, along with pottery, decorated bricks and stone pieces during the ongoing archaeological excavations at the site. The sculptural fragments represent various iconographic attributes of Vishnu, the Hindu deity.
Prof. Syed Mohammad Kamrul Ahsan said this temple was a very good addition to their research in the northern part of Bangladesh over the past 15 years. He added that their team has already excavated nine sites in this region and documented more than 1,000 archaeological sites in the Dinajpur-Joypurhat region. More than 800 among them could be dated to the early medieval period.
The history of river systems and landscapes was crucial for the development of settlements, which had religious edifices at the core. The excavation accompanied by archaeological studies will continue for the next couple of months.

Source: http://www.theindependentbd.com/printversion/details/48037

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Archaeologists from the Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, have uncovered another historical site in North-West Bangladesh.

They have unearthed a 1,000-year-old Vishnu temple at Madhabgaon village in the northern district of Dinajpur.

The team of archaeologists led by Prof. Swadhin Sen, the director of the department of archaeology, included Prof Syed Mohammed Kamrul Ahsan, Prof Seema Hoque and Sabekunnaher Sithi.

Here are some points you need to know:

The temple was built following the unique 'nava ratha' architecture technique
The archaeologists have found a seven-metre high brick structure and a 144-sq-metre solidly built platform with a square cell at the centre
The cell is supposed to be a sanctum where idols were worshipped
The outer walls of the temple has nine ratha (chariot) projections, which indicates towards the nava ratha technique of architecture
The temple is thought to be constructed between the 10th and the 11th century
The team had earlier discovered another old Hindu temple that belonged to the Pala Dynasty in Bengal
Prof Dipak Ranjan Das, former professor at the University of Calcutta, has reportedly said that the structure found in Bangladesh has the closest resemblance with the Siddeshwar Temple in Bankura, West Bengal
The team has reportedly documented around 1,000 archaeological sites in the Dinajpur-Joypurhat areas in Bangladesh, most of which belong to the medieval age.

Source: http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/10th-century-hindu-temple-found-in-bangladesh/1/696066.html

Hanuman Aradhana and Mithuna Sankramanam

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Importance of 'Sri Rama' Namam by Chaganti garu

Rama ( राम Rāma) or Ramachandra is the seventh avatar of the Hindu God Vishnu. He is the central figure of the Hindu epic Ramayana, which is the principal narration of the events connected to his incarnation on earth, his ideals and his greatness. Rama is one of the many popular deities in Hinduism, and especially of the various Vaishnava sects. Religious texts and scriptures based on his life have been a formative component in numerous cultures of South and Southeast Asia. Along with Krishna, Rama is considered to be one of the most important avatars of Vishnu. In a few Rama-centric sects, he is considered the Supreme Being, rather than an avatar.

Born as the eldest son of Kaushalya and Dasharatha, ruler of Ayodhya Kingdom(in Uttar Pradesh), Rama is referred as ''Maryada Purushottama" within Hinduism, which literally means the Perfect Man or Lord of Self-Control or Lord of Virtue. His wife Sita is considered by Hindus to be an avatar of Lakshmi and the embodiment of a great woman.

Rama and his brothers Lakshman, Bharat, Shatrughna were the chaturvyuha expansions of Vishnu (Vasudev, Sankarshan, Pradyumna, Aniruddha). Rama's life and journey is one of adherence to dharma despite harsh tests and obstacles and many pains of life and time. For the sake of his father's honour, Rama abandons his claim to Ayodhaya's throne to serve an exile of fourteen years in the forest. His wife Sita and brother Lakshmana decide to join him, and all three spend the fourteen years in exile together. While in exile, Sita is kidnapped by Ravana, the Rakshasa(Devil) monarch of Lanka. After a long and arduous search, Rama fights a colossal war against Ravana's armies. In a war of powerful and magical beings, greatly destructive weaponry and battles, Rama slays Ravana in battle and liberates his wife. Having completed his exile, Rama returns to be crowned king in Ayodhya and eventually becomes emperor, rules with happiness, peace, duty, prosperity and justice—a period known as Rama Rajya.

The legend of Rama is deeply influential and popular in the societies of the Indian subcontinent and across South East Asia. Rama is revered for his unending compassion, courage and devotion to religious values and duty.

General Issues based on Mahaa bhaaratam by Samavedam garu

The Mahabharata or Mahābhārata (Sanskrit: महाभारतम्, Mahābhāratam) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the Ramayana.

The Mahabharata is an epic narrative of the Kurukshetra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the Pandava princes. It also contains philosophical and devotional material, such as a discussion of the four "goals of life" or purusharthas (12.161). Among the principal works and stories in the Mahabharata are the Bhagavad Gita, the story of Damayanti, an abbreviated version of the Ramayana, and the Rishyasringa, often considered as works in their own right.

Traditionally, the authorship of the Mahabharata is attributed to Vyasa. There have been many attempts to unravel its historical growth and compositional layers. The oldest preserved parts of the text are thought to be not much older than around 400 BCE, though the origins of the epic probably fall between the 8th and 9th centuries BCE. The text probably reached its final form by the early Gupta period (c. 4th century CE). The title may be translated as "the great tale of the Bhārata dynasty". According to the Mahabharata itself, the tale is extended from a shorter version of 24,000 verses called simply Bhārata.

The Mahabharata is the longest known epic poem and has been described as "the longest poem ever written". Its longest version consists of over 100,000 shloka or over 200,000 individual verse lines (each shloka is a couplet), and long prose passages. About 1.8 million words in total, the Mahabharata is roughly ten times the length of the Iliad and the Odyssey combined, or about four times the length of the Ramayana. W. J. Johnson has compared the importance of the Mahabharata in the context of world civilization to that of the Bible, the works of Shakespeare, the works of Homer, Greek drama, or the Qur'an.

Hindu priest hacked to death in Jhenaidah district, Western Bangladesh

Hindu priest hacked to death in Bangladesh by Islamist militants | Oneindia News



Source -> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=427_oC1-AJs

A Hindu priest was hacked to death in Bangladesh by Islamist militants. Three bike-borne assailants in Bangladesh killed the priest while he was on his way to a temple. Ananta Gopal Ganguly was attacked at around 9:30 AM by three men who slit his throat with sharp-edged weapons.

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Hindu priest hacked to death in Bangladesh, police say

(CNN)A 70-year-old Hindu priest was hacked to death Tuesday morning in southwestern Bangladesh, police say. The priest, Ananda Gopal Ganguly, was on his way to temple when the assailants attacked him in a field in a secluded part of a village in the country's Jhenaidah district, Altaf Hossain, a police superintendent, told CNN. He said police have never received complaints about threats to the Hindu community in the village. "We believe the attackers came from outside the village," Hossain said. An investigation is underway.

Source -> http://edition.cnn.com/2016/06/07/asia/hindu-priest-killing-bangladesh/

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UPDATE: 14:56 p.m. IST — Two "high-ranking" militants of the Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh (JMB) were killed in an encounter with the Bangladesh Police in Dhaka on Tuesday, Agence France-Presse reported. One other militant was killed in a gunfight in northwestern district of Rajshahi.

The Bangladesh Police Hours launched a nationwide crackdown on extremist groups after a Hindu priest was murdered by unidentified assailants in Jhenaidah district on Tuesday. The two JMB militants were involved "in most of the recent attacks," including the murder of a professor, deputy commissioner of police MR Khaled told AFP.

On Tuesday, a 65-year-old Hindu priest was killed by three motorcycle-borne men while he was on his way (on a bicycle) to a temple in Noldanga village's Sadar upazila, according to the Press Trust of India. According to PTI, the attackers shot at him before slitting his throat.

Original Story —

An old Hindu priest was murdered by unidentified persons in southwestern Bangladesh's Jhenaidah district on Tuesday, Agence France-Presse reported. He was attacked by three men at 9:30 a.m., the Press Trust of India reported.

The deceased has been identified as 70-year-old Ananda Gopal Ganguly. His body, with severed head, was found in a rice field close to his home in Noldanga village, deputy police chief of the area Gopinath Kanjilal told AFP.

"He left home this morning saying that he was going to a Hindu house to offer prayers. Later farmers found his near-decapitated body at a rice field," Kanjilal said. He was not certain which group could be behind the attack, but said that the "pattern of the killing is similar to ones carried out by local Islamist militants in recent time."

The attack on Ganguly is the latest among several such attacks, primarily carried out by the Islamist extremist outfits such as the Islamic State group. Ganguly was reportedly the 11th person to be murdered in the last 10 weeks.

A 65-year-old Christian was hacked to death at his grocery shop near a church in Bangladesh's Bonpara village on Sunday. The attack was claimed by ISIS, which also claimed an attack on a doctor in Kushtia district last month. The man was hacked to death by unidentified assailants on May 20, Reuters reported.

ISIS had also claimed responsibility for the murder of Xulhaz Mannan, Bangladesh's gay rights activist who was also the editor of the country's first LGBT magazine, and professor AFM Rezaul Karim Siddiquee of Rajshahi University.

Although ISIS claimed the attack on Siddiquee, the Bangladeshi police arrested a militant of the banned Islamist group Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh during investigation into the murder.

Source -> http://www.ibtimes.co.in/bangladesh-hindu-priest-killed-jhenaidah-district-681628

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