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Rudram Namakam Chamakam full




Sri Rudram, to which the Chamakam is added by scriptural tradition, is a Hindu stotra, hymn dedicated to Rudra (an epithet of Shiva), taken from the Yajurveda Shri Rudram is also known as Sri Rudraprasna, Śatarudrīya, and Rudradhyaya. The text is important in Saivism where Shiva is viewed as the Supreme God. The hymn is an early example of enumerating the names of a deity, a tradition developed extensively in the sahasranama literature of Hinduism. By the first few centuries CE, the recitation of the Śatarudrīya is claimed, in the Jābala Upanishad, to lead to immortality. The hymn is referred to in the Shiva Purana.

The text is also famous for its mention of the Shaivite Panchakshara ("five-syllable") mantra, which appears in the text of the Śatarudrīya in the eighth anuvaka. The text also contains the mantra Aum Namah Bhagavathe Rudraya. Through the chanting of Sri Rudram, Lord Siva's various attributes and aspects are invoked and worshipped. Chanting the Rudram is considered to be of great benefit. The Rudram chanting can be done with or without the accompaniment of a Vedic yagna ritual. When accompanied with the Vedic fire ritual, it is called the Rudra Yagnam. It is said that Lord Shiva, after Bhasmasura was killed with the help of Lord Maha Vishnu, performed the Tandava Dance and then performed the "Rudra Yagna" for the betterment of humanity. The place where the Rudra Yagna was performed is where the "Sri Kalahasti" Temple stands now; this temple also has one of the 5 (Pancha bhootha - Vayu, Agni, Jala, Akash, Prithvi) lingas called Vayu.



Shri Rudram, is a Vedic mantra or chant in homage to Rudra (an epithet of Shiva) taken from the Krishna Yajurveda's Taittiriya Samhita (TS 4.5, 4.7). It comprises two parts, the Namakam and Chamakam. Chamakam is added by scriptural tradition to the Shri Rudram. Shri Rudram is also known as Śri Rudrapraśna, Śatarudrīya, and Rudradhyaya. The text is important in Shaivism where Shiva is viewed as the ultimate God. The hymn is an early example of enumerating the names of a deity.

Shri Rudram is also famous for its mention of the Shaivite holy mantra Namah Shivaya, which appears in the text of the Śatarudrīya in the eighth anuvaka of Taittiriya Samhita (TS 4.5.8.1). It also contains the mantra Aum namah bhagavate rudraya and the Mahamrityunjaya Mantra.

CM KCR Heart Touching Speech @ Ayutha Chandi Yagam in Erravalli Village



CM KCR Heart Touching Speech @ Ayutha Chandi Yagam in Erravalli Village. CM KCR Performs Ayutha Chandi Yagam at Erravalli Village in Medak District on First Days. The Sprawling Farmhouse of Chief Minister K Chandrashekar Rao in Erravelli Village wore a Spiritual Look with Chief Minister K Chandrasekhar Rao and his Wife Shobha Performing Ayutha Maha Chandi Yagam.

Bhagavad Gita (Full Version Beautifully Recited in English)



This is dedicated to all the devotees of Lord Krishna, for the salvation of His devotees He spoke the great Gita more than 5000 years ago to Arjuna on the Kurukshetra Battlefield in India. God bless you all.

Gangadhara Sastry Speech on Sampoorna Bhagavad Gita Audio Launch



Gangadhara Sastry's Speech at Sampoorna Bhagavad Gita audio launch at Shilpakala Vedika in Hyderabad.
The Bhagavadgita Foundation is a non-profit making spiritual and social service organization established with the object of disseminating the inspiring message of Bhagavad Gita universally.

Lakkavajhala Venkata Gangadhara Sastry is an Indian singer and composer. He established Bhagavadgita foundation to spread its importance. He recorded complete verses of Bhagavadgita in audio format. As a playback singer, he sang more than 100 songs in Telugu and Kannada films.
Sastry was born on 27 June 1967 in Avanigadda, Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh, to L. Kasiviswanadha Sarma and Srilakshmi. His parents had some knowledge of classical music. He learned music basics from them. He became a fan of Ghantasala. He completed a B.A from Acharya Nagarjuna University. He worked as a film journalist in Eenadu group from 1990–2002.
He recorded over 700 verses along with Telugu meanings after 7 years of extensive research.

Sirivennela Sitaramasastry Speech on Sampoorna Bhagavad Gita Audio Launch



Hate Dilwale because --- Comment your views



Dilwale is a 2015 Indian romantic musical action comedy film directed by Rohit Shetty, and produced by Gauri Khan and Shetty under the banner of Red Chillies Entertainment and Rohit Shetty Productions respectively. The film stars Kajol, Shah Rukh Khan, Varun Dhawan, and Kriti Sanon in lead roles.


Two decades after the duo conjured up unforgettable magic in DDLJ, and five years after they were last seen on the big screen in My Name is Khan, the Shah Rukh Khan-Kajol pair isn’t exactly dry gunpowder. But the two stars together can still generate a fair bit of pop and sizzle when the dice rolls in their favour in a rather uneven game that is an erratic cocktail of romance, action and comedy. Whether it is just the force of nostalgia or a case of pure class asserting itself, Dilwale sails along just fine as long as SRK and Kajol are on the screen. The lead pair is all heart. The film they are trapped in is, unfortunately, utterly soulless.
Dilwale, if not outright piffle, is flat and desultory. It has two time-frames separated by 15 years and both the stories that it narrates are about lovers, warring guardians and broken hearts. While the first is action-packed and expectedly allows director Rohit Shetty to pull off a couple of exciting chase sequences, the second is a pedestrian mish-mash of multiple and incompatible elements. The plot goes round in circles as a duo of brothers finds history repeating itself when the younger one falls in love with a girl but runs into a wall partly of his own making and partly of his elder sibling’s. Dilwale, like many of Shetty’s other films, is set primarily in Goa, where Veer (Varun Dhawan), the wayward brother of a respectable car modifier Raj (Shahrukh Khan), repeatedly falls asleep on the job and ends up losing expensive parts of the vehicle in his charge.

Essence of Sri Krishna Tatvam - Samavedam


Krishna is a major deity in Hinduism. He is worshipped as the eighth avatar of Vishnu and also as the supreme God in his own right. He is the god of compassion, tenderness, love and is one of the most popular and widely revered among Indian divinities. Krishna's birthday is celebrated every year by Hindus on Krishna Janmashtami according to the lunisolar Hindu calendar, which falls in late August or early September of the Gregorian calendar.

How to do Fasting in Karthika Maasam? Explained by Dr. N Anantha Lakshmi



Karthika Masam Special Subapradam. In Paramardam, Watch Religious How to do Fasting in Karthika Masam? Explained by Dr. N Anantha Lakshmi. She was Explained also The Significance of Karthika Masam.
For more information.->>

Dr. N Anantha Lakshmi

Kanakadhara Sthotram with Lyrics



Once Sankaracharya was going to few houses to take bhiksha. He came across a hut and asked for bhiksha. ( food ). The woman inside the house was embarrassed as a saint has come to her house for food but she is so poor that nothing was available in her house. She searched all the places and finally found an old Amla fruit . The poor woman was feeling shy to give only this little amla fruit to Sankaracharya but she has immense devotion and dont want to send the saint who came to her house empty handed. She offered the amla fruit in the bowl of Lord Sankaracharya.
Sankaracharya realized the women's devotion irrespective of being poor. He immediately started singing twenty one slokas praising Goddess Mahalakshmi , praying her to bless the poor woman by driving her poverty and grant her riches.
As Sanakaracharya was singing Kanagadhara stotram, Mahalakshmi showered Golden amla fruit like rain infront of the poor woman's hut. How great is the saint Adi Sankaracharyaya who sang in praise of Mahalakshmi and beyond all this How graceful is this Goddess Mahalakshmi.

SRI SANKARA TV Live Stream (Jaya Jaya Shankara Live Stream)




Sri Sankara TV is a national multilingual spiritual channel launched on 21st December 2008 and promoted by M/S Kamadhenu Telefilms Private Limited. Its group of directors have more than 18 years of experience in the field of media.
Since its inception seven years ago, it has relentlessly broadcasted several programmes depicting and promoting Indian culture and traditions. Sri Sankara TV is proud on how its religious programmes are creating a positive impact on the society.



LIVE coverage of Mahashivaratri Pooja from Sringeri Sharada Peetham performed by Jagadguru Ananthasri Vibhushita Sri Sri Sri Bharati Tirtha Mahasannidhanam and Jagadguru Ananthasri Vibhushita Sri Sri Sri Vidhushekhara Bharati Sannidhanam.
Also witness the magic of Yoga, Meditation, Musical and cultural performances from Isha Foundation by Sadhguru from Coimbatore and from The Art of Living International Center Bangalore by Gurudev Sri Sri Ravi Shankar.

CVR OM Spiritual LIVE TV


CVR OM, a satellite devotional channel in Telugu which caters to the people of all religions. CVR OM, South India's latest Telugu devotional channel, features fiction and non-fiction Programmes. Daily devotional news, Weekly Special Programmes and devotional programs and special programs relating to major festivals specific to Telugu language speaking community and the Indian State of Andhra Pradesh. CVR OM caters to Telugu devotional audiences featuring talks by famous spiritual Gurus like Sri Sadguru Jaggi Vasudev, Sri Sri Ravishankarji , Sri Matha Amrithanandamayi and others.

Hindu worship is primarily an individual act rather than a communal one, as it involves making personal offerings to the deity. Worshippers repeat the names of their favourite gods and goddesses, and repeat mantras. Water, fruit, flowers and incense are offered to god.


SVBC TTD LIVE TV


SVBC in Tamil

Sri Venkateswara Bhakthi Channel (SVBC TV) the pioneer Bhakti channel of TTD is first 24-hour Satellite Telugu devotional channel dedicated to broadcast Hindu devotional programmes and live telecasts of poojas performed in Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams from Tirupati in Andhra Pradesh, India.
Sri Venkateswara Bhakti Channel was launched by the President of India Pratibha Patil on 7 July 2008. The main content of the channel is Hindu devotional programs. The Channel broadcasts daily rituals that are performed in Tirumala Tirupathi. It also telecasts the annual festival called the Lord Sri Venkateshwara Brahmotsavam. TTD has decided to expand the channel in other south Indian languages.Now the channel comes in Kannada and Tamil Feeds also.
SVBC in Kannada


SVBC Live Free

The Channel won 11 Nandi TV awards in 2009 for the devotional serials that were broadcast. The channel is available on all cable, dish and IPTV platforms in India as free to air channel. The channel is also streamed live on Internet www.svbcttd.com
SVBC Programme wing started functioning from 07.07.2007, under the leadership of the Chief Executive Officer Sri. K.S. Sharma, IAS.

The programmes were designed to cater to the need of the cross-section of the society, though the channel was primarily earmarked as devotional. The programmes designed then were scrutinized by a team of consultants.
Before giving the test signals, the programmes of events and capsuling of programmes were started from 7th July, 2007 till our President Smt Prathibha Sing Dev Patil formally inaugurated the Channel.
In the beginning, the Channel started with hiring the studio of Sarathi and Ramanayudu at Hyderabad. The programme capsulling started at Hyderabad were brought to Tirupati for the telecast.

SVBC in Hindi

Bhakthi TV Live Streaming


Life & Success of Swami Vivekananda by Samavedam Shanmukha Sarma



Swami Vivekananda (Bengali: Shāmi Bibekānondo; 12 January 1863 – 4 July 1902), born Narendranath Dutta (Bengali: nɔrend̪ro nat̪ʰ d̪ɔt̪t̪o), was an Indian Hindu monk and chief disciple of the 19th-century Indian mystic Ramakrishna Paramahansa. He was a key figure in the introduction of the Indian philosophies of Vedanta and Yoga to the Western world and is credited with raising interfaith awareness, bringing Hinduism to the status of a major world religion during the late 19th century. He was a major force in the revival of Hinduism in India, and contributed to the concept of nationalism in colonial India. Vivekananda founded the Ramakrishna Math and the Ramakrishna Mission. He is perhaps best known for his speech which began, "Sisters and brothers of America ...," in which he introduced Hinduism at the Parliament of the World's Religions in Chicago in 1893.

Born into an aristocratic Bengali family of Calcutta, Vivekananda was inclined towards spirituality. He was influenced by his Guru, Ramakrishna Deva, from whom he learnt that all living beings were an embodiment of the divine self; therefore, service to God could be rendered by service to mankind. After Ramakrishna's death, Vivekananda toured the Indian subcontinent extensively and acquired first-hand knowledge of the conditions prevailing in British India. He later travelled to the United States, representing India at the 1893 Parliament of the World Religions. Vivekananda conducted hundreds of public and private lectures and classes, disseminating tenets of Hindu philosophy in the United States, England and Europe. In India, Vivekananda is regarded as a patriotic saint and his birthday is celebrated there as National Youth Day.

Life & Success of Swami Vivekananda

What is Athma ? How it looks like? by Chinna Jeeyar Swami garu


That which is other than GROSS(STHULA),SUBTLE (SUKSHMA) and CAUSAL (KARANA) bodies(shariras), which is beyond the FIVE SHEATHS, which is witness (sakshi) of the three states of awareness(waking,dream, deepsleep states), which has the nature of EXISTANCE(SATH)--KNOWLEDGE(CHITH)--BLISS(ANANDA) is SOUL(ATHMA).
 Athma

Vedas in India by Chinna Jeeyar Swami



The Vedas (Sanskrit: वेद véda, "knowledge") are a large body of texts originating in ancient India. Composed in Vedic Sanskrit, the texts constitute the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest scriptures of Hinduism. Hindus consider the Vedas to be apauruṣeya, which means "not of a man, superhuman" and "impersonal, authorless".

Vedas are also called śruti ("what is heard") literature, distinguishing them from other religious texts, which are called smṛti ("what is remembered"). The Veda, for orthodox Indian theologians, are considered revelations seen by ancient sages after intense meditation, and texts that have been more carefully preserved since ancient times. In the Hindu Epic the Mahabharata, the creation of Vedas is credited to Brahma. The Vedic hymns themselves assert that they were skillfully created by Rishis (sages), after inspired creativity, just as a carpenter builds a chariot.

There are four Vedas: the Rigveda, the Yajurveda, the Samaveda and the Atharvaveda. Each Veda has been subclassified into four major text types – the Samhitas (mantras and benedictions), the Aranyakas (text on rituals, ceremonies, sacrifices and symbolic-sacrifices), the Brahmanas (commentaries on rituals, ceremonies and sacrifices), and the Upanishads (text discussing meditation, philosophy and spiritual knowledge). Some scholars add fifth category – the Upasanas (worship).

The various Indian philosophies and denominations have taken differing positions on the Vedas. Schools of Indian philosophy which cite the Vedas as their scriptural authority are classified as "orthodox" (āstika). Other śramaṇa traditions, such as Lokayata, Carvaka, Ajivika, Buddhism and Jainism, which did not regard the Vedas as authorities are referred to as "heterodox" or "non-orthodox" (nāstika) schools. Despite their differences, just like śramaṇa traditions, various Hindu traditions dwell on, express and teach similar ideas such as karma (retributive action) and moksha (liberation) in the fourth layer of the Vedas – the Upanishads.

ఎడ్ల రామదాసు Yedla Raamadaasu

Sri Tridandi Srimannarayana Ramanuja Chinna Jeeyar Swamiji (born 3 November 1956) is a Vedic pontiff, a preacher and popularizer of Sri Vaishnavism. He subscribes to Thenkalai tradition of Sri Vaishanvism.

Karthikamasa Vaibhavam in Koti Deepothsavam



Chaganti Koteswara Rao Pravachanam about Karthikamasa Vaibhavam at Bhakthi TV Koti Deepothsavam 2015. Bhakthi Tv Koti Deepothsavam, Hyderabad by Bhakthi Tv From 15-30th November 2015 During Karthika Masam.

Koti Deepothsavam daily begins at 5:30 PM from 15th November 2015 at NTR Stadium Grounds, Hyderabad. Thousands of devotees come together to Success the Event. Bhakthi Tv is leading Telugu Spiritual & Devotional Channel Which is making tremendous Events like Koti Deepothsavam, Dharmika Sammelanam, etc.,

Kartika is a Hinduism coined month of Bengali (7th month) and Nepali calendar(1st Kartik), named after the Hindu god, Kartikeya.

In the lunar Hindu calendar, Kartika begins with the new moon in November and is the eighth month of the year except in Gujarat, where it marks the new year that falls on Diwali. In the solar religious calendar used in Tamil Nadu, Kartikai begins with the Sun's entry into Scorpio and is the eighth month of the year.

In the Vaishnava calendar, Damodara governs this month.

Karthikamasa Vaibhavam in Koti Deepothsavam shiva Linga

Karthikamasa Vaibhavam in Koti Deepothsavam

Guruvandanam to Sri Sadguru Sivananda Murthy garu


Part 1

Sri Sadguru Sivananda Murthy is regarded as one of the greatest contemporary spiritual masters in the enlightened Guru tradition of Santana Dharma starting from Maharishi Veda Vyas and Bhagavan Sri Krishna. Guruji is considered as a living legend and an authority on Vedic literature – the Vedas, the Upanishadas, Jyotisha ( the classical Indian astronomy and Astrology), the Darshans and the Puranas. He is well versed in both the Karmakanda, the ritualist yajna part, and the Jnanakanda, the esoteric knowledge of Brahman, Atman and Mukti of Veda. He is a Yogeswara, who could provide a unique elucidation of Kathopanoishad, combining jnana, yoga and ritualistic karma components referred to in the text. He revealed, probably for the first time, the cryptic Nachiketavidya in the Upanishad to stimulate the genuine seeker to the real yoga sadhna (yoga practice) involving meditation or introspection of the deepest kind. His book katha yoga in Telugu and English has received accolades from Jagadguru Bharati Tirtha Mahaswami of Sringeri.

Part 2

He has travelled extensively from Arunanchal Pradesh to Dwaraka and from Leh to Rameshwaram and performed Yaagas in all the holy places situated throughout this country, seeking the grace of lord Shiva for the welfare of this world. He is a devout patriot and is deeply concerned with the decay of institutions and values in the post-independence India. He has written innumerable articles on Indian-ness, some of which are published as five volumes of Bharatiyata (in Telugu).

Part 3

Sanatana Dharma is a gift of sages of yore to this country. Guruji documented the lives and works of many such sages, as Maharshula Charitralu in Telugu. His collection of discourses on Sri Krishna unfolds the lesser known aspects of the personality and the true nature of Shri Krishna, his essential teaching in Bhagavad Gita, Anu Gita and Uddhava Gita and his interaction with people from all the strata of the society from sages and kings up to cowherd. He has written about the life and teachings of the Buddha. His commentaries on the Vishnu Sahasranama, the Bhagavada Gita and several upansihads bear the unique mark of his wisdom and depth.

Part 4

As part of his effort for preserving the essence of Sanatana Dharma in contemporary India, Guruji has been encouraging classical Indian music and dance, and publication of works of literature, including republication of classics such as Sarva Darshana Sahasra and Shivadrishti (teulgu translations) He honours regularly eminent citizens of India excelling in diverse disciplines such as modern science, technology, medicine, literature, history, performing arts, social work, administration and politics.

Part 5

Guruji is a friend, philosopher, a fatherly figure and a spiritual guru to the thousands of his disciples and devotees scattered all over the world, upholding the tradition of “Vasudhaivakutubakam”. Telugu university and GITAM university in Andhra Pradesh have honoured him with D.Litt. degrees, Rashtriya Samskrita Vidhyapith with the upadhi of Mahamahopadhyaya and Kanchi Kamakoti Pitha with the title Desikottama. He is instrumental in the founding of Andhra Music Academy, Sanathana Dharma Charitable Trust, Sivananda Supatha Foundation and building magnificent temple in Utkal architecture at Beemunipatnam invoking the divine grace of Sri Mahalakshmi for the citizens of India.

Part 6

Our Beloved Gududev attained Kailashprapti on 10-06-2015 leaving behind rich treasure house of Janana on Sanatana Dharma and trained thousands of devotees across the world to follow his holy foot-steps. All the activities as was being done during the life time of our beloved Gurudev will be continued with same spirit under his divine blessings.

Part 7

Kandukuri Sivananda Murty is a well-known Indian scholar and a humanist with a wide following in India and in other countries, who writes about Indian heritage and culture, spirituality and philosophy. He has published many books and articles in newspapers and journals. He lives in his ashram Ananda Van in Bheemunipatnam, Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Kandukuri Sivananda Murty was born on December 21, 1928 into a royal family of Urlam and Devadi Villages in Vizianagaram District of Andhra Pradesh.

His parents Sri Veerabasavaraju and Smt.Sarvamangala were great worshippers of Lord Shiva and built around 200 temples in His dedication. From his child hood days, he was deeply drawn towards spiritual subjects and especially towards Yoga sastra.

He graduated in Science from Vizianagaram in the year 1949 and later took up a sub-ordinate service in Hyderabad. He had a tenure of service over a decade in histoical place of Hanmakonda(Warangal). Even while serving the Police Department of Andhra Pradesh, he devoted a great deal of his time in serving the poor and needy and educating the people about Hindu Dharma and its eternal verities. He opted for voluntary retirement as an officer and devoted himself to cultural and charitable service to the society.


Part 8


His love for his great country and its ancient culture rooted in Sanathana Dharma is indeed phenomenal and unique. As a spiritually powerful public communicator, he constantly exhorts in all his public lectures that all citizens, including Sanyasis, who are dependent on Society are duty bound to think and act as custodians and trustees of public welfare. He is a walking encyclopedia on Hindu Dharma, History, Indian Fine arts like, Music, Dance, Drama and literature.

His essays on contemporary subjects like cultural, political and spiritual history were serialized in a Telugu daily, and was later published in two volumes under the name of Bharatiyata. His commentary on Kathopanishad received profound acclaims from the Paramacharya of Kanchi and Sringeri Shankaracharya.

Guruji's main emphasis portends to 'Sanathana Dharma'. He has been striving to educate Indians especially to get back to the rich value system that existed in India and that one which will once again make all the citizens of this country proud. He tirelessly reminds every Indian of the values and glory of 'Sanathana Dharma', the principles of which when followed will instil a sense of pride and self respect.
Satguru Sri Sivananda Murty is a spiritual master and mentor par excellence. Lord Sri Rama lived the life of an ideal human being. His exemplary life throws light on various facets of human existence and guides humanity as regards an ideal son, citizen, husband, ruler ; even an ideal opponent or adversary. Lord Sri Krishna gave us the philosophical basis for such a life, covering various aspects relating to Gyana, Moksha, Bhakti, Yoga, Karma etc. As Sri Rama, the Lord showed us how to be, by practically living such a life; while as Sri Krishna, He gave us the theoretical underpinning for it. Satguru Sri Sivananda Murty is a rare and unique combination of the theory and practice of Sanathana Dharma, where the ideal and blemishless life of Lord Sri Rama, i.e. God as man, is blended perfectly with the highest mystic state of spiritual excellence of Lord Sri Krishna, i.e. man as God, in a seamless union of the human and the superhuman.
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Some of speeches and articles have been published into books - Bharateeyata, Bharateeyata -2. He has written books on 'Katha Yoga'.

Guruji has written a series of articles in various magazines and newspapers and has to his credit more than 450 articles, on educating and inspiring the common man towards righteous living, in the Telugu Daily Andhra Bhoomi.

Guruji's sermons on the Hindu marriage culture - its origin and significance, have been compiled into a book called "Hindu Vivaha Vyavasta - Dampathya Jeevanamu", which means (Hindu Marriage Instituition - Married Life). The first edition of this book was published simultaneously in English and Telugu, in 2006.

Guruji's book - "Maharshula Charitra" about Indian saints was released in the later part of 2007.

He also wrote a coffee table book on the film "Gautama Buddha" (Year 2008).

Guruji has a collection of 16000 volumes in his personal library at Bheemunipatnam.

Guruji is the Chief Patron of :



Sanathana Dharma Charitable Trust that honours deserving individuals who contribute to the field of Arts, Science & Technology, Literature, Medicine, Journalism, Humanities and other intellectual pursuits. The Trust conducts an annual ceremony bringing together greats in these several fields and honours them.

Andhra Music Academy was established to promote the cause of 'Indian classical Music' and dance which is slowly losing its roots. SADGURU estalbilshed a Hall with advanced recording equipments for the musicians who are interested in recording classical music and to conduct workshops at ANAND VAN Ashram. The Academy has been successfully organising a Music festival every year in Hyderabad.


Gurudevobhava - Kandukuri Sivananda Murthy gaur
Satguru Kandukuri Sivananda Murthy garu On Bharatiyata (Our Heritage)

Birth of the Moon



Scientists have been reconstructing the history of the moon by scouring its surface, mapping its mountains and craters, and probing its interior. What are they learning about our own planet's beginnings?

Decades ago, we sent astronauts to the moon as a symbol of confidence in the face of the great cold war struggle. Landing on the moon was a giant leap for mankind. But it's what the astronauts picked up from the lunar surface that may turn out to be Apollo's greatest legacy.

When the astronauts of Apollo stepped out of their landing craft, they entered a world draped in fine sticky dust, strewn with rocks, and pocked with craters. They walked and rambled about, picking up rocks that they packed for the return flight.

Back in earth-bound labs, scientists went to work probing the rocks for clues to one of the most vexing questions in all of science. Where did the moon come from? The answer promised to shed light on an even grander question. Where did Earth come from? And how did it evolve into the planet we know today?

The nature of the moon began to come into focus four centuries ago. Galileo Galilei had heard of an instrument built by Dutch opticians capable of "seeing faraway things as though nearby." Galileo, in many ways the first modern scientist, saw this new instrument as a tool to help settle a long standing question.

What was the nature of the heavens, and how did the world of men fit within it?

To some philosophers, the moon was a perfect, crystalline sphere of divine substance, free of Earth's imperfections. Galileo, with his telescope, saw a more familiar reality. He noted mountains and valleys on the moon, features like those of Earth.

The astronauts of Apollo lifted off on a series of missions to get a close up look at the moon and perhaps settle the debate. Because there's no atmosphere there, the astronauts entered landscapes that are nearly frozen in time. They could scour the lunar surface for evidence of events going back almost to the time of its birth.

Indeed, eons of impacts had opened up the Moon's interior, leaving a wealth of information strewn about their landing sites. Scientists had already noticed that some large old craters were surrounded by concentric rings. You can see one of the most pronounced examples in this image of the Mare Orientale, captured recently by NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, or LRO. The colors show differences in elevation.

The old view was that the impact had melted the rock below. A newer view held that the impactor had actually splashed down on a molten surface. That gave rise to the radical notion that, early in its history, the moon's surface was covered in a vast ocean of magma.

When the astronauts arrived, they found relatively light rocks known as anorthosites. Their presence suggested that heavier material had sunk toward the moon's interior, forcing lighter material to the surface.

The rocks they brought back were found to be strikingly similar to those on Earth, in part because they share forms of oxygen, called isotopes, that scientists regard as "blood types" for solar system bodies. Then there was this. The moon appeared to be completely, utterly, dry, with no evidence that water was ever present on its surface.

Shiva Thandava Shotram with Telugu Meaning


Shiva Tandava Stotram is a stotra (Hindu hymn) that describes the Hindu God Shiva's power and beauty. It is traditionally attributed to Ravana, the rakshasa (demon) king of Lanka and devotee of Shiva. Both the ninth and tenth quatrains of this hymn conclude with lists of Shiva's epithets as destroyer, even the destroyer of death itself. Alliteration and onomatopoeia create roiling waves of resounding beauty in this example of Hindu devotional poetry.

In the final quatrain of the poem, after tiring of rampaging across the Earth, Ravana asks, "When will I be happy?" Because of the intensity of his prayers and ascetic meditation, of which this hymn was an example, Ravana received from Shiva powers and a celestial sword.

Significance of the Bathukamma festival ? Telangana Floral Festival Story



Bathukamma flower festival is celebrated by Telangana Hindu women. Every year this festival is celebrated as the Telugu version of the Hindu calendar in the Bhadrapada Amavasya, also known as Mahalaya Amavasya, usually from September to October in the Gregorian calendar. Bathukamma is celebrated for nine days during Durga Navratri. Start the day of Mahalaya Amavasya nine days and festivities culminate on "Saddula Bathukamma" or festival "Pedda Bathukamma" in Ashwayuja Ashtami, popularly known as Durgashtami which is two days before Dussehra. Bathukamma is followed by Boddemma, a 7-day festival. Boddemma festival marking the end of Varsha Ruthu while Bathukamma party indicates the beginning of Sarad or Sharath Ruthu.

Bathukamma Special Story - Do you know it ?


Bathukamma (బతుకమ్మ) is Telangana's floral festival celebrated by the Hindu women of Telangana. Every year this festival is celebrated as per Telugu version of Hindu calendar in the Bhadrapada Amavasya, also known as Mahalaya Amavasya, usually in September–October of Gregorian calendar. Bathukamma is celebrated for nine days during Durga Navratri. It starts on the day of Mahalaya Amavasya and the 9-day festivities will culminate on "Saddula Bathukamma" or "Pedda Bathukamma" festival on Ashwayuja Ashtami, popularly known as Durgashtami which is two days before Dussehra. Bathukamma is followed by Boddemma, which is a 7-day festival. Boddemma festival that marks the ending of Varsha Ruthu whereas Bathukamma festival indicates the beginning of Sarad or Sharath Ruthu.
Bathukamma represents cultural spirit of Telangana. Bathukamma is a beautiful flower stack, arranged with different unique seasonal flowers most of them with medicinal values, in seven concentric layers in the shape of temple gopuram. In Telugu, ‘Bathukamma' means ‘Mother Goddess come Alive’ and Goddess Maha Gauri-‘Life Giver’ is worshipped in the form of Bathukamma – the patron goddess of womanhood, Maha Gauri Devi.
It is the festival for feminine felicitation. On this special occasion women dress up in the traditional sari combining it with jewels and other accessories. Teenage Girls wear Langa-Oni/Half-Sarees/Lehenga Choli combining it with jewels in order to bring out the traditional grace of the attire.

ఎడ్ల రామదాసు Yedla Raamadaasu

Garikapati Narasimha Rao about good & bad habits



Dr. Garikipati Narasimha Rao, the noted Telugu Avadhani, speak about leadership, management and personality development issues in the program- Nava Jeevana Vedam. The literary performer speaks about good habits and bad habits.
Garikipati Narasimha Rao "Maha Sahasraavadhani" is a Telugu Avadhani (literary performer) in Andhra Pradesh, India. He was born in Brahmin community, Kakinada, East Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, India.
He has conducted more than 288 avadhanams, including Dvigunita Avadhanam at Dallas for the American Telugu Association in 2002. Garikipati is known for his Dhāraṇā (memorising and reciting), which is a key requirement for performing Avadhanams.

Technology of Spirituality

Hinduism by country in the world




Hinduism has over 1 billion adherents worldwide (15% of world's population). Along with Christianity (31.5%), Islam (23.2%) and Buddhism (7.1%), Hinduism is one of the four major religions of the world by percentage of population.

Most Hindus are found in Asian countries. The countries with more than 500,000 Hindu residents and citizens include (in decreasing order) - India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, United States, Trinidad & Tobago, Malaysia, Myanmar, United Kingdom, South Africa and Mauritius. The number of Hindus in Canada is also estimated to also be over 500 000, though the 2011 census showed there were just under 498,000 Hindus.

Hinduism is a heterogeneous religion and consists of many schools of thought. Hinduism has no traditional ecclesiastical order, no centralised religious authorities, no governing body, no prophet(s); Hindus can choose to be polytheistic, monotheistic, pantheistic, monistic, agnostic, humanist or atheistic. Estimates of Hinduism by country reflects this diversity of thought and way of life.

Demographic estimates of Hindu population by country has been published by the Pew Research Center in 2012, as well as US State Department's International Religious Freedom Report 2006.

By total number, India has the most Hindus. By percentage, Nepal has the largest majority of Hindu population in the world followed by India and Mauritius. There are an estimated 60 to 70 million Hindus who lived outside India in 2010. Only three countries in the world, in 2010, had a majority of its population as Hindus - Nepal, India and Mauritius.

Gokarna Kshetra Mahatyam By Vaddiparti Garu



Gokarna is a small temple town located on the western coast of India in the Uttara Kannada district of the Indian state of Karnataka. Main temple and deity is Lord Shiva, who is also known as Mahabhaleshwara. This temple houses what is believed to be original image of Lord Shiva's lingam (Atmalinga). There are many other temples all over this small town. Ankola and Kumta on Highway 17 are the main towns near Gokarna.
Gokarna is historically known as one of the seven important Hindu pilgrimage centers and is located on what was once unspoiled beach near the estuary of river Aghanashini with its palm trees, other colorful tropical fruit and flower trees. Of late due to the numbers of tourists the character of this town has changed. This town is no longer just a center of pilgrimage though massive numbers of devotees still visit the town for the purposes of offering prayers and worship to Lord Shiva.
Due to its laid back unspoiled and rustic nature, many younger western tourists started visiting Gokarna about a decade ago. The beaches around Gokarna were hardly used by the locals until these mainly Western tourists started coming to undeveloped beaches around Gokarna. Many enterprising locals started stores restaurants and now fully fledged resorts cater even to the well heeled tourists.


Gokarna, is a very touristic small town centered around temples with pilgrims coming throughout the year and tourists -indians, russians and europeans - coming from december to february for the beaches. The name Gokarna, means cow's ear (go=cow karna=ear) in Sanskrit and is based on Hindu mythology.
The town is popular among Hindu pilgrims as Gokarna has one of the few Shiva's holy temples with what is claimed to be original image of the god (a lingam). It is also the home of several religious celebrations, and some of them denote a good sense of dramaturgy. The most famous is the colorful "Shiva Ratri" festival at the end of february. If you are averse to massive crowd, unfamiliar with local culture, it is advisable to keep away during that time. Tourists arriving to Gokarna will stop at a check-point at the entrance of the town to allow the police to search their luggages. Even in the middle of the night if they come with the Matsyagandha express from Mumbai.
European backpackers originally visited the place for its warm winter climate and the not-so-crowded atmospheric beaches. An increasing number of foreigners have visited the area over the last 10 years. Additionally, it has become popular with young wealthy Indians coming from Bangalore and Mumbai.So the peacocky people of Gokarna is looking down now to those, who have paid for their noisy motorbikes and their large-screen TVs...
Gokarna is no longer a place for backpackers looking for a basic hut on the beach. Most establishments have upgraded to concrete guest houses with attached bathrooms, and several 4 star resorts have opened up shop.
Moreover, Gokarna is an eldorado for the police officers, who want to fullfill their bank accounts and whose main occupation is to hunt the smoker. Think of that : it's 20000 rps for a spliff...THEY CAN VISIT YOU NIGHT AND DAY IN YOUR ROOM ON MAIN BEACH. Traditionnal disrespect from the locals and the police harassment have sent many foreigners to greener pastures or just back to Goa, where the beaches are nicer and the people uncomparably more friendly. People looking for spirituality should move south to Udupi for its non-commercial and pristine atmosphere. There are four beaches in Gokarna. Internet and travel booking are available on Kudlee and Om beach, but there are no ATM facilities.

Kailasa Temple in Ellora Caves


The Kailasa temple is one of the largest rock-cut ancient Hindu temples located in Ellora, Maharashtra, India and it is a megalith carved out of one single rock. It was built in the 8th century by the Rashtrakuta king Krishna I as attested in Kannada inscriptions. This is one of the 34 temples and monasteries known collectively as the Ellora Caves. These extend over more than 2 km, were dug side by side in the wall of a high basalt cliff in the complex located at Ellora. The Kailasa (cave 16) is a remarkable example of Dravidian architecture on account of its striking proportion, elaborate workmanship, architectural content, and sculptural ornamentation of rock-cut architecture. The temple was commissioned and completed between 757-783 CE, when Krishna I ruled the Rashtrakuta dynasty. It is designed to recall Mount Kailash, the home of Lord Shiva.


The Kailasa Temple is notable for its vertical excavation—carvers started at the top of the original rock, and excavated downward. The traditional methods were rigidly followed by the master architect which could not have been achieved by excavating from the front. It is estimated that about 400,000 tons of rocks were scooped out over a period of 20 years to construct this monolithic structure. From the chisel marks on walls of this temple, archeologists could conclude that three types of chisels were used to carve this temple.

All the carvings are at more than one level. A two-storeyed gateway opens to reveal a U-shaped courtyard. The courtyard is edged by a columned arcade three stories high. The arcades are punctuated by huge sculpted panels, and alcoves containing enormous sculptures of a variety of deities. Originally flying bridges of stone connected these galleries to central temple structures, but these have fallen.

Within the courtyard are two structures. As is traditional in Shiva temples, an image of the sacred bull Nandi fronts the central temple housing the lingam. In Cave 16, the Nandi Mandapa and main Shiva temple are each about 7 metres high, and built on two storeys. The lower stories of the Nandi Mandapa are both solid structures, decorated with elaborate illustrative carvings. The base of the temple has been carved to suggest that elephants are holding the structure aloft.

A rock bridge connects the Nandi Mandapa to the porch of the temple. The structure itself is a tall pyramidic South Indian temple. The shrine – complete with pillars, windows, inner and outer rooms, gathering halls, and an enormous stone lingam at its heart – is carved with niches, plasters, windows as well as images of deities, mithunas (erotic male and female figures) and other figures. Most of the deities at the left of the entrance are Shaivaite (followers of Lord Shiva) while on the right hand side the deities are Vaishnavaites (followers of Lord Vishnu).

There are two Dhwajasthambha (pillars with flagstaff) in the courtyard. The grand sculpture of Ravana attempting to lift Mount Kailasa, with his full might is a landmark in Indian art.



Ex CBI JD V.V. Lakshmi Naryana Exclusive Interview

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J D Laxmi Narayana Speech on the occasion of Installation Ceremony of Dr. Shridhar Sunka



J.D Lakshmi Narayana Inspirational Speech



J. D. Lakshmi Narayana was a former Joint Director for India's Central Bureau of Investigation. He is known for leading the investigations like OMC Scandal, Emaar Properties, 2G spectrum scam, Satyam Scandal, Sohrabuddin Sheikh fake encounter, and Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy's Disproportionate Assets case. He currently holds Inspector general of police Rank under Y-category security for dealing with high-profile corruption cases. He is tipped to be appointed as the Joint Commissioner of Police (Crime) for Mumbai, after 21 June 2013.
Born on 3 April 1965 and brought up in Srisailam, Andhra pradesh. family, where his father was an Irrigation officer.He did his Bachelor of Engineering at the NIT Warangal. He did his MTech from the Indian Institute of Technology Madras. He was an Inspector General, Maharashtra cadre from the 1990 batch of Indian Police Service and Topper in 1990 Civil services exam.
He is known for his impact speeches He worked as a Superintendent of police for Nanded and then for the Maharashtra Anti-Terrorism Squad. He was posted as Deputy inspector general of police (DIG) at Hyderabad on 12 June 2006, as he was keen to work for the CBI agency. According to media sources, He was initially posted as the CBI unit head for period of five years and thr another two years at the behest of his head office, the New Delhi unit. He also received the Indian police medal in 2006. He successfully investigated the Satyam Scandal as a Deputy inspector general of police Rank. He is a great motivational speaker and thinker giving inspiring speeches to the youth. He always thinks to transform our INDIA to a great nation among all other countries. Being a follower of Swami Vivekananda he wishes to create a mass of vivekanandas from his own school after his retirement. He is ahead in a line for giving help to the youth through his speech allover the Andhra Pradesh state.

J D Lakshmi Narayana inspirational speech At Sampradan



J. D. Lakshmi Narayana was a former Joint Director for India's Central Bureau of Investigation. He is known for leading the investigations like OMC Scandal, Emaar Properties, 2G spectrum scam, Satyam Scandal, Sohrabuddin Sheikh fake encounter, and Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy's Disproportionate Assets case. He currently holds Inspector general of police Rank under Y-category security for dealing with high-profile corruption cases. He is tipped to be appointed as the Joint Commissioner of Police (Crime) for Mumbai, after 21 June 2013.
Born on 3 April 1965 and brought up in Srisailam, Andhra pradesh. family, where his father was an Irrigation officer.He did his Bachelor of Engineering at the NIT Warangal. He did his MTech from the Indian Institute of Technology Madras. He was an Inspector General, Maharashtra cadre from the 1990 batch of Indian Police Service and Topper in 1990 Civil services exam.
He is known for his impact speeches He worked as a Superintendent of police for Nanded and then for the Maharashtra Anti-Terrorism Squad. He was posted as Deputy inspector general of police (DIG) at Hyderabad on 12 June 2006, as he was keen to work for the CBI agency. According to media sources, He was initially posted as the CBI unit head for period of five years and thr another two years at the behest of his head office, the New Delhi unit. He also received the Indian police medal in 2006. He successfully investigated the Satyam Scandal as a Deputy inspector general of police Rank. He is a great motivational speaker and thinker giving inspiring speeches to the youth. He always thinks to transform our INDIA to a great nation among all other countries. Being a follower of Swami Vivekananda he wishes to create a mass of vivekanandas from his own school after his retirement. He is ahead in a line for giving help to the youth through his speech allover the Andhra Pradesh state.

Aaditya Hrudayam Chaganti Gari Pravachanam 02-04-15



Ādityahṛdayam (Sanskrit: आदित्यहृदयम्), is a devotional hymn associated with Aditya or the Sun God (Surya) and was recited by the sage Agastya to Rāma on the battlefield before fighting the demon king Rāvana. This historic hymn starts at the beginning of the duel between Rāma and Rāvana. Agastya teaches Rāma, who is fatigued after the long battle with various warriors of Lanka, the procedure of worshiping the Sun God for strength to defeat the enemy. These verses belong to Yuddha Kānda (Book 6) Canto 107, in the Rāmāyana as composed by Agastya and compiled by Vālmīki.

Dakshinamurthy Vaibhavamu by Chaganti garu on 05 04 2012

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Dakshinamurthy or Jnana Dakshinamurti is an aspect of the Hindu god Shiva as a guru (teacher) of all types of knowledge (jnana). This aspect of Shiva is his personification as the supreme or the ultimate awareness, understanding and knowledge. This form represents Shiva as a teacher of yoga, music, and wisdom, and giving exposition on the shastras. He is worshipped as the god of wisdom, complete and rewarding meditation. As per scriptures,if a person don't have any Guru then they can consider and worship Lord Dakshinamurthy as their Guru.Eventually they will be blessed with a human Self-Realised Guru if they are worthy.
Dakshinamurti literally means 'one who is facing south (dakṣiṇa)' in Sanskrit. South is the direction of Death, hence change. In every Siva temple the stone image of Dakshinamurthy is installed, facing south, on the southern circumambulatory path around the sanctum sanctorum. Perhaps, of all Hindu Gods, he is the only one sitting facing south. The great seer Ramana Maharshi, has said in letter 89: one meaning of Dakshina is efficient; another meaning is ‘in the heart on the right side of the body’; Amurthy ’means Formlessness' . "Dakshinamurthy Stotra" in Sanskrit, means the "Shapelessness situated on the right side".
This iconographic form for depicting Shiva in Indian art is mostly south Indian in character.
In his aspect as Jnana Dakshinamurti, Shiva is generally shown with four arms. He is depicted seated under a banyan tree, facing the south. Shiva is seated upon a deer-throne and surrounded by sages who are receiving his instruction. He is shown as seated with his right foot on mythical apasmara (a demon which, according to Hindu mythology, is the personification of ignorance) and his left foot lies folded on his lap. Sometimes even the wild animals, are depicted to surround Shiva. In his upper arms, he holds a snake or rosary or both in one hand and a flame in the other; while in his lower right hand is shown in vyakhyanamudra, his lower left hand holds a bundle of kusha grass or the scriptures. The index finger of His right hand is bent and touching the tip of his thumb. The other three fingers are stretched apart. This symbolic hand gesture or Mudra is the Gnana Mudra (or Jnana Mudra or Jana Mudra), a symbol of knowledge and wisdom. Sometimes, this hand is in the Abhaya Mudra, a posture of assurance and blessing. In Melakadambur the Dakshinamurthy looks seated on a bull under a banyan tree, a hole in this statue's ear that extends to the next ear was an wonderful sculpturing.
Dakshinamurthy is portrayed as being in the yogic state of abstract meditation - and as a powerful form brimming with ever flowing bliss and supreme joy. Variations of this iconic representation include Veenadhara Dakshinamurthy (holding a Veena), Rishabharooda Dakshinamurthy (mounted on a Rishabha - the bull) etc. Maharshi Kardamshankara Jnanadeva, a mystic seer says that Dakshinamurthy means the abstract or hidden power of the absolute which expressed in all enlightened masters.

SriSaila Mahatyam by Chaganti garu

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The town (as well as the mandal) of Srisailam is reputed for the shrine of Lord Mallikarjuna on the flat top of Nallamala Hills. It has played a dominant role in the Hindu religious, cultural and social history since ancient times. The epigraphical evidence reveals that the history of Srisailam began with the Satavahanas who were the first empire builders in South India. The earliest known historical mention of the hill, Srisailam, can be traced to the King Vasishthiputra Pulumavi's Nasik inscription of 1st Century A.D. Srisailam or Srisailamu (Śrīśailaṁ, Śrīśailamu) is situated in the Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is on the banks of the Krishna River about 212 km south of Hyderabad and 179 km from Kurnool. It is sometimes spelled Shrishailam.
Srisailam is located at 16.074°N 78.868°E. It has an average elevation of 409 meters (1345 ft).
The Sri Bhramaramba Mallikarjuna Temple located in Srisailam is one of the 12 Jyotirlinga temples dedicated to Lord Siva. Earlier, it was called Srigiri. The Bhramarambha Temple is also located in the same complex. It is considered as one of the eighteen Shakti Peethas in India. Bhramarambha is a very ferocious deity. Originally she was worshipped by the Chenchu people. However, during British rule, the temple was taken over by the Pushpagiri peetham forcibly with the help of the British Government ruling the Madras Presidency.

Gateways

Tradition, literature as well as epigraphical sources state that the sacred hill of Srisailam has four gateways in the four cardinal directions namely,

Tripuranthakam is in Prakasam District in the east where God Tripurantakeshwara Swamy and Goddess Tripurasundari Devi are presiding deities.
Siddhavatam is located on the bank of the river Penna in Kadapa District in the south where Jyothisideswara Swamy and Goddess Kamakshi Devi are the presiding deities.
Alampur is on the bank of the river Tungabhadra in Mahaboobnagar District in the west where Navabrahma Alayas, a group of nine temples of the Chalukya period, are. This Kshetram is also the seat of Goddess Jogulamba, one of the eighteen Mahasakthis.
Umamaheswaram is located in Rangapur, Achampeta Mandal, Mahaboobnagar District in the North where God Umamaheswara Swamy and Goddess Umamaheswari Devi are the presiding deities.

Secondary gateways

Besides the main gateways, there are four Secondary Gateways in the four corners:

Eleswaram: Located in Mahaboobnagar District now submerged in the Nagarjuna Sagar Dam in the northeast with Eleswara Swamy and Katyani as presiding deities.
Somasila: Located on the bank of the river Penna in the southeast with Skanda Someshwara as the presiding deity.
Pushpagiri: Located in Kadapa District in the southwest with Santana Malleshwara as presiding deity.
Sangameswaram: Located at the confluence of the River Krishna and Tungabhadra in Kurnool District in the northwest and submerged at Srisailam Dam with Sangameswara as presiding deity. This temple has been re-built at Alampur.

Kakinada Gosala Gruha Pravesamu


Gaushalas or Goshalas are protective shelters for cows in India. Goshalas focus on treating cows well out of their religious significance in Hinduism and consequent cultural sensitivity towards their welfare.

Goshala, a Sanskrit word ("Go" means cow and "Shala" means a shelter place: Go + Shala = shelter for cows), means the abode or sanctuary for cows, calves and oxen. Apart from providing sanctuary, the Goshala also rescues the animals destined for illegal slaughter.

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Kakinada Goshala Details:-
Sri Changanti Sundara Siva Rao, Smt. Suseela Memorial Gosamrakshana Samithi
Contact Person: Kamaraju
Address:
Behind TATA motors, near Pithapuram Road, Rayudupalem, Kakinada - 05
Landmark: Near Atchamapeta junction
Description: They Provide protective shelters for cows. Goshala focus on treating cows well out of their religious significance in Hinduism and consequent cultural sensitivity towards their welfare.
For More Information CLICK here

Ashtamoorti Tatvamu by Chaganti in Vizag - Jan 2015

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In the Vedas Lord Rudra, who subsequently transformed into the benevolent Lord Shiva, has multiple attributes and numerous titles, among which eight are significant to the conceptualization in the Shaivites tradition. Rudra's identification with Shiva was put in writing for the first time in Shvetashvatara Upanishad and later in Yajurveda linked Taittariya Samhita, S.4.5.1, in the Shata Rudriya Section). The Vajasneya samhita (S. 3.63) also co-equals Shiva with Rudra by citing tam Shiva namasi, meaning I bow to you, Shiva. The Shathapatha Brahmana notes that Shiva is also called referred to as Bhava, Mahadeva, Sarva, Pashupati, Ugra and Ishana. These are typically the forms of water, fire, sacrifice, sun, moon, ether, earth and air. Ancient Sanskrit linguist and grammarian Pāṇini in his Astadhyayi (S.1.49, S.3.53, S.4.100, S.5.3.99) also notes that Rudra is called variously as Mrida, Bhava, Sarva, Grisha, Mahadeva and Tryambaka. Rishi Patanjali, propounder of Yoga system, in Mahabashya also provides for various icons of Shiva. In the Puranic era, Rudra completely merged with Shiva and joined the Trimurti and represented the destroyer of evil.
Individual Vedas refer to Rudra, alternatively Shiva with eight different names having different qualities. Such eight attributes create the Shiva aspect of Ashtamurti meaning Eightfold attributes in the manifestation of Lord Shiva.

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